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Models and sexual harassment in the world of fashion

Posted by RUNWAY MAGAZINE on 13th December 201723rd February 2020

RUNWAY MAGAZINE ®

Article by Thierry VALLAT

www.thierryvallatavocat.com

 

 

 

Models and sexual harassment in the world of fashion. The case of Harvey Weinstein, the Hollywood producer, against who showered since October 6, 2017 : an investigation of the New York Times, lawsuits for sexual harassment and rape recalls a singular tolerance for these assault in some circles as specially in fashion.

 

harvey-weinstein-new-york-times-sexual-harassment-Runway-Magazine
harvey-weinstein-new-york-times-sexual-harassment-Runway-Magazine

New testimonies continue daily to reveal the extent of the scandal like, the model Emily Ratajkowski who spoke on October 12 to provide support to victims and denounce a genuine “culture of harassment” in the world of models.

 

Emily-Ratajkowski-Runway-Magazine
Emily-Ratajkowski-Runway-Magazine

 

Since Harvey Weinstein case, social networks are also agitated by the free speech of harassment under appeal pulse denunciation stalkers via the hashtag # balancetonporc or #Metoo.

 

 balancetonporc-hastag-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine
balancetonporc-hastag-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine

 

hashtag-me-too-Runway-Magazine
hashtag-me-too-Runway-Magazine

 

It is by inspired the calls from several hundred testimonies of models, which went to broadcast recently under the hashtag #MyJobShouldNotIncludeAbuse ( “My job should not include abuse”) launched by supermodel Cameron Russel.

 

 Cameron-Russel-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine
Cameron-Russel-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine

 

The young Newyorker woman has decided to denounce abuses in the world of fashion and wishes “a change of power.”

She regrets that we could treat her as a feminist, because she reported gestures, slaps on buttocks, pinches, pressure to get appointments, phone calls or sex SMS, or lack of decent areas to change.

Today, American models who modeled for Victoria’s Secret and Chanel will not tolerate the response “It’s part of the trade” that was once too widespread and tolerated.

A contrario, former supermodel Carla Bruni is positioned on a completely different note, saying that “fashion is a healthy environment” and “not so dangerous for young girls.”

But the tributary testimonies are often targeting the behavior of some photographers, and corroborate several cases that had hit the headlines in the world of fashion (Larry Clark, Terry Richardson and David Hamilton, and so on). We see more and more models or ex-models, out of the shadows, wishing to speak of what actually happened during the shootings or “technical” indecent of some professionals.

The former New York model Nikki DuBose has even made a book with her memoirs My Memoir, Washed Away: from Darkness to Light, denouncing sexual abuse and eating disorders.

 

Nikki-DuBose-Runway-Magazine
Nikki-DuBose-Runway-Magazine

 

In France, the Parliament reintroduced in 2012 sexual harassment as an offense with article 222-33 of the penal code which defines the facts likely to receive such a qualification, and aggravates the sanctions incurred. It takes into account the acts committed, their frequency, and their effects on the victim and the purpose of the author.

According to the text, sexual harassment consists of repeated sexual comments or behaviors that are:

  • undermines the dignity of the victim because of their degrading and humiliating character
  • or create an intimidating, hostile or offensive situation against him.

This law incriminates acts and comments with sexual connotations.

The law of 6 August 2012 on sexual harassment now gives a more precise definition, but also broader the offense of sexual harassment. It aggravates the maximum penalties incurred and punishes discrimination against victims of sexual harassment. Finally, it reinforces the prevention of sexual harassment in the professional world. The objective of the law is clear: to prevent this crime, to encourage the victims to quickly report the facts and the entourage to testify to the harassment facts that it observes and to punish the crime more heavily.

Because sexual harassment is a crime, as well as the facts assimilated to sexual harassment: they are punished by two years of imprisonment and a 30,000 euro fine. These penalties were doubled compared to the previous situation.

Aggravating circumstances bring the penalties to three years imprisonment and 45,000 euros fine when the facts are committed:

  • by a person who abuses the authority conferred on him by his functions;
  • on a minor under the age of fifteen;
  • a person whose particular vulnerability, due to age, illness, infirmity, physical or mental disability or pregnancy, is apparent or known to the perpetrator;
  • a person whose particular vulnerability or dependence resulting from the precariousness of his economic or social situation is apparent or known to the author;
  • by several persons acting as author or accomplice.

Attention, the facts are now prescribed by six years since the law of February 2017 (and no longer by three years) and all sexual harassment before 2011 can no longer (unless interruption of the prescription) be prosecuted, to the except those of rape which are prescribed by 10 years. It should also be remembered that “sexual assault is any sexual assault committed with violence, coercion, threat or surprise, other than rape”.

Thus, all acts with sexual connotations that do not involve penetration (caress on sex, chest, use of language, etc.) can be described as sexual assault, provided of course that the act is unwanted.. The absence of consent of the victim is characterized by violence, coercion, threat or surprise (Articles 222-22 and 222-27 to 222-30 of the Criminal Code). Sexual assault is an offense punishable by 5 years in prison and 75 000 € .

Any professional who has committed acts of sexual harassment is also liable to disciplinary sanctions up to and including dismissal. The perpetrator of sexual harassment may finally have to pay damages to his victim as compensation for the harm caused.

For example only for acts of harassment director Jean-Luc Brisseau was sentenced in December 2005 to one year of suspended sentence and 15,000 euros for having harassed two young actresses during the casting for his film ” Secret things”.

 

Jean-Claude-Brisseau- Pardo-d'oro-2012-Runway-Magazine
Jean-Claude-Brisseau- Pardo-d’oro-2012-Runway-Magazine

 

To summarize: if you have been harassed, talk about it to associations, your lawyer, keep the evidence (SMS etc.) and build a strong file and file a Police report instead of publishing these facts on “name and shame” on Twitter, or social networks, or an internet, which could be turned against you for defamation actions.

 

 name-and-shame- sur- Twitter-Runway-Magazine
name-and-shame- sur- Twitter-Runway-Magazine

Never trivialize this behavior, denounce and punish the perpetrators, powerful or miserable, at the same level as suffering of their victims.

 

Version Française

Article écrit par Thierry Vallat 

www.thierryvallatavocat.com

Mannequins et harcèlement sexuel dans le milieu de la mode

 

 Casting-Photo-Runway-Magazine
Casting-Photo-Runway-Magazine

 

L’affaire  Harvey Weinstein, ce producteur hollywoodien contre lequel pleuvent depuis le 6 octobre 2017 et une enquête du New York Times, les plaintes pour harcèlement sexuel et viol rappelle une singulière tolérance pour ces agressions dans certains milieux comme celui de la mode.

 

Harcelement- Harvey-Weinstein-Runway-Magazine
Harcelement- Harvey-Weinstein-Runway-Magazine

 

De nouveaux témoignages continuent quotidiennement à révéler l’ampleur du scandale comme celui du mannequin Emily Ratajkowski qui s’est exprimée le 12 octobre dernier pour apporter son soutien aux victimes et dénoncer une véritable “culture du harcèlement” dans le milieu des models.

 

 Emily-Ratajkowski-Runway-Magazine
Emily-Ratajkowski-Runway-Magazine

 

Depuis l’affaire Harvey Weinstein, les réseaux sociaux sont eux-aussi agités par la libération de la parole de victimes de harcèlement sous l’impulsion d’appel à la dénonciation des harceleurs via le hashtag #balancetonporc ou #Metoo

 

 Balancetonporc-Harcelement-sexuel-Runway-Magazine
Balancetonporc-Harcelement-sexuel-Runway-Magazine

 

C’est en s’inspirant de ces appels que plusieurs centaines de témoignages de mannequins sont diffusés ces derniers jours sous le hashtag #MyJobShouldNotIncludeAbuse (“Mon métier ne devrait pas comporter d’abus”) lancé par la mannequin Cameron Russel.

La jeune femme new-yorkaise a décidé de dénoncer les abus dans le milieu de la mode et souhaite « un changement de pouvoir ».

Elle regrette qu’on ait pu la traiter de féministe car elle rapportait des gestes, des mains aux fesses, des pincements, des pressions exercées pour obtenir des rendez-vous, des coups de téléphone ou des SMS sexuels, ou le manque de zones décentes pour se changer.

Aujourd’hui, l’américaine qui a défilé pour Victoria Secret ou Chanel ne tolère plus la réponse « Ça fait partie du métier » qui était autrefois trop largement répandue et tolérée.

 

PHOTO- Katie Friedman-cameron-russell-Runway-Magazine
PHOTO- Katie Friedman-cameron-russell-Runway-Magazine

 

A contrario, l’ancienne top-modèle Carla Bruni se positionne sur un tout autre registre en déclarant que la “mode est un environnement sain” et “pas si dangereuse pour des jeunes filles”.

Mais les témoignages affluent, qui visent souvent les comportements de certains photographes, et corroborent plusieurs affaires qui avaient défrayé la chronique du monde de la mode ( Larry Clark, Terry Richardson ou encore David Hamilton…) On voit donc de plus en plus de mannequins ou ex-mannequins sortir de l’ombre, qui souhaitent s’exprimer de ce qui se passe réellement pendant les shootings ou des “techniques” indécentes de certains professionnels.

 

Backstage-Shooting-Photo-Runway-Magazine
Backstage-Shooting-Photo-Runway-Magazine

 

L’ancien mannequin new-yorkais Nikki DuBose en a même fait un ouvrage avec ses mémoires My Memoir, Washed Away : from Darkness to Light, dénonçant agressions sexuelles et troubles alimentaires.

En France, le Parlement a réintroduit en 2012 le harcèlement sexuel comme un délit avec l’article 222-33 du code pénal qui définit les faits susceptibles de recevoir une telle qualification, et aggrave les sanctions encourues. Il tient compte des actes commis, de leur fréquence, et de leurs effets sur la victime et l’objectif de l’auteur.

 

 

Selon le texte, le harcèlement sexuel est constitué par des propos ou comportements à connotation sexuelle répétés qui soit :

  • porte atteinte à la dignité de la victime en raison de leur caractère dégradant et humiliant
  • soit, créent à son encontre une situation intimidante, hostile ou offensante.

Cette loi incrimine les actes et les propos à connotation sexuelle

La loi du 6 août 2012 relative au harcèlement sexuel donne ainsi désormais une définition plus précise, mais également plus large du délit de harcèlement sexuel.

Elle aggrave les peines maximales encourues et réprime les discriminations commises à l’encontre des victimes de harcèlement sexuel.

Enfin, elle renforce la prévention du harcèlement sexuel dans le monde professionnel.

L’objectif de la loi est clair : prévenir ce délit, encourager les victimes à dénoncer rapidement les faits et l’entourage à témoigner des faits de harcèlement qu’il constate et sanctionner le délit plus lourdement.

Car le harcèlement sexuel est un délit, de même que les faits assimilés au harcèlement sexuel: ils sont punis de deux ans d’emprisonnement et de 30 000 euros d’amende. Ces peines ont été doublées par rapport à la situation antérieure.

Des circonstances aggravantes portent les peines à trois ans d’emprisonnement et 45 000 euros d’amende lorsque les faits sont commis :

  • – par une personne qui abuse de l’autorité que lui confèrent ses fonctions ;
  • – sur une personne mineure de moins de quinze ans ;
  • – sur une personne dont la particulière vulnérabilité, due à son âge, à une maladie, à une infirmité, à une déficience physique ou psychique ou à un état de grossesse, est apparente ou connue de leur auteur ;
  • – sur une personne dont la particulière vulnérabilité ou dépendance résultant de la précarité de sa situation économique ou sociale est apparente ou connue de l’auteur ;
  • – par plusieurs personnes agissant en qualité d’auteur ou de complice.

Attention les faits se prescrivent désormais par six ans depuis la loi de février 2017 (et non plus par trois ans) et tous les faits de harcèlement sexuels antérieurs à 2011 ne peuvent donc plus (sauf interruption de la prescription) être poursuivis, à l’exception de ceux de viol qui se prescrivent par 10 ans.

Rappelons également que “constitue une agression sexuelle toute atteinte sexuelle commise avec violence, contrainte, menace ou surprise, autre que le viol“.

Ainsi, tous les actes à connotation sexuelle qui n’entraineraient pas de pénétration (caresse sur le sexe, la poitrine, utilisation de la langue, etc.) peuvent être qualifiés d’agressions sexuelles, sous réserve bien sur que l’acte soit non désiré. L’absence de consentement de la victime est caractérisée par violence, contrainte, menace ou surprise (articles 222-22 et 222-27 à 222-30 du code pénal). L’agression sexuelle est un délit puni de 5 ans de prison et 75 000 € d’amende.

Tout professionnel ayant commis des agissements de harcèlement sexuel est par ailleurs passible de sanctions disciplinaires pouvant aller jusqu’au licenciement.

L’auteur de harcèlement sexuel peut enfin devoir verser à sa victime des dommages-intérêts, en réparation du préjudice causé.

On rappellera par exemple que pour des faits de harcèlement, le réalisateur Jean-Luc Brisseau avait été condamné en décembre 2005 à un an de prison avec sursis et 15.000 euros d’amende pour avoir harcelé deux jeunes actrices sur le casting de son film ”Choses secrètes”

 

Jean-Luc-Brisseau-Runway-Magazine
Jean-Luc-Brisseau-Runway-Magazine

 

Pour résumer : si vous avez subi un harcèlement, parlez-en autour de vous, à des associations, à votre avocat, garder les preuves (SMS etc.) et constituez un solide dossier et préférez le dépôt de plainte à un « name and shame » sur Twitter ou les réseaux sociaux ou une dénonciation sur internet qui pourrait donner lieu à une action en diffamation contre vous.

 

 Twitter-Diffamation-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine
Twitter-Diffamation-Harcelement-Runway-Magazine

Car il s’agit de ne jamais banaliser ce type de comportement, de les dénoncer et de sanctionner leurs auteurs, puissants ou misérables, à la hauteur de la souffrance qu’ils infligent aux victimes.

 





















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