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GREEN color – History and Values

Posted by Guillaumette Duplaix on 1st August 202126th August 2022

GREEN color – history and values. Article by the Executive Director of RUNWAY MAGAZINE Guillaumette Duplaix.

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GREEN is a controversial color declared by PANTONE as a color of the year 2017, which became popular only in 2021 particularly in fashion.

GREEN is associated with several superstitions. Some are very famous and survived trough the time. Do you know, for example, that in the world of theater there’s a superstition related to the GREEN color and the curtains? We will come back to that later in the article.

The chromatic field of GREEN is being between yellow and blue, it can be light, dark, etc… But it always keeps the name GREEN.

Let’s start by reproducing this color: it is difficult to make and to master.

I remember having dealt with several photographic projects about landscapes / nature composed of trees of different GREEN color. In photography GREEN is a color that dulls and fades. It was necessary to make choices and interpret these different GREENS in order to obtain a light.

RGB: 0, 128, 0
CMYK: 100%, 13%, 100%, 7%
# 008000
TSL: 120%, 100% 50%

The symbolism of this color:

Instability. Representation of infidelity in some countries, jealousy and immaturity.

In the story GREEN starts its journey badly. It’s considered as a negative color which represents demons, spirits, all kinds of evil creatures.

From the XIXth century the West associated GREEN with all the symbols of hope and cleanliness. And today GREEN relates to ecology.

GREEN is the favorite color for 1 of 6 people today.

Here are the main topics of the GREEN that I will develop.

GREEN history and values by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
GREEN history and values by RUNWAY MAGAZINE

History & Symbolism of GREEN

It was not until the period after Alexander the Great that this color got its name “GREEN”.

GREEN then will assert itself in the romantic era and become the color of nature and health. Today we find GREEN in all institutions related to the planet.

Right after the GREEN has been considered in the culture it quickly took a negative reputation in relation to Christians. In middle ages GREEN was considered as the color of Satan, devil, and the strange beings: fairies, witches, goblins, genies of the woods and waters.

In the XIXth century Arthurian poem “Sire Gawain and the Green Knight” about the history of the Knights of the Round Table, we find The Greene Knight.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

In the little known history about this period his real name was Bercilak de Haudesert, in the poem he was called “Bredbeddle” or The Greene Knight. In the poem “Sire Gwain and the Green Knight”, Bercilak is transformed into a GREEN Knight by the evil sorceress Morgana, an opponent of King Arthur. King Arthur and King Cornwall portray The Green Knight as an exorcist and as one of the most powerful knights in Arthur’s court.

Church fathers altar - Saint Augustine and the devil - Saint Wolfgang and the devil 1475 by Michael Pacher
Church fathers altar – Saint Augustine and the devil – Saint Wolfgang and the devil 1475 by Michael Pacher

In this poem the Green Knight is so named because of his green skin. Some see him as an incarnation of Mandragora or mandrake plant (a plant in the form of a man), a plant known since medieval art. Others see him as a figure taken from Celtic mythology, and a Christian symbol, or even the devil himself.

Film Maleficent (2014) - Staring Angelina Jolie
Film Maleficent (2014) – Staring Angelina Jolie

The GREEN superheroes, the GREEN extraterrestrials from another planet, and many other cultural characters are part of this heritage, where green plays the role of something magical and fantastic. The explanation comes from the fact that GREEN is an unstable color, very difficult to fix chemically, and that was enough for the symbolism of this color to take a negative turn.

Green lantern - GREEN superheroes by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Green lantern – GREEN superheroes
Aliens - Extraterrestrials - Toy Story by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Aliens – Extraterrestrials – Toy Story

Dante Alighieri gives a representation of it at the end of his Purgatory, in the “Divine Comedy”.

Dante Alighieri by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Dante Alighieri
Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri - Illustration by Sandro Botticelli by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri – Illustration by Sandro Botticelli

GREEN has been subjected to theatrical superstition since medieval times. The history of GREEN presents it as a color of chance. Probably due to the fact that this color is unstable in dyeing. It is also possible that some actors have been poisoned by the oxide of copper or cyanide present in green costume in medieval times.

Another addition to the GREEN color bad luck: in 1673 during a royal performance before King Louis XIVth, Molière began to cough, suffering from tuberculosis, he finished the performance but died few hours later, still in costume. Molière’s costume — the clothing that he died in — was green. And since that time, actors have maintained the superstition that it is highly unlucky to wear green while on-stage.

In XXth century the illumination did not highlight the shades of GREEN. When the first spotlight was invented for the theaters it worked by burning a chemical called quicklime. This gave it its original nickname “the limelight”. True to its name, the limelight had a greenish glow to it so if an actor wore green, he or she might not be visible when hit by the spotlight.

GREEN curtain
GREEN curtain

GREEN is a very common color in Celtic countries or regions. The panceltic flag created by Robert Berthelier in the 1950s is dominated by the color green. One of the Celtic hymns has the title “green lands” which means in French “The Countries or Green Lands”.

Panceltic flag created by Robert Berthelier by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Panceltic flag created by Robert Berthelier

In the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt is implementing his “new deal” program to fight unemployment and install social security. It sets up a government agency: the WPA (Works Progress Administrative) which assigns the many unemployed to build public buildings, parks and roads.

The FAP (Federal Art Project) which is part of the WPA, employs more than 5,000 artists. As a result frescoes and canvases are installed in hospitals, post offices, libraries, and schools. Sculptures are placed in the public gardens, in order to preserve American popular culture.

Several artists benefited from the FAP and have magnificent careers. Mark Rothko, born Marcus Rothkowitz is an American painter classified among the representatives of American abstract expressionism.

Mark Rothko - Green divided by Blue
Mark Rothko – Green divided by Blue

Jackson Pollock is a world famous American painter of abstract expressionism. He produced more than 700 works, paintings, painted or sculpted essays and drawings as well as some engravings. He had a decisive influence on the course of contemporary art. The practice of “all-over” as well as “dripping” which he used a lot from 1947 to 1950.

Painting by Jackson Pollock
Painting by Jackson Pollock

Paul Cadmus, an American painter, pastellist and designer. He is famous by the series of tempera on canvas, depicting urban genre scenes. He took part of the social realist movement, mixing satire, irony, and the grotesque.

Paul Cadmus - Dead Nature 1954
Paul Cadmus – Dead Nature 1954

Frederick Childe Hassam, American impressionist painter of the XIXth – XXth centuries. Among his best-known works is figure “The Flag series”. It is about 30 paintings that he began in 1916, inspired by the parade of American volunteers for World War I on Fifth Avenue. The most famous painting in the series, “The Avenue in the Rain” (1917), depicting American flags and their reflections in the rain, is in the White House collection. President Barack Obama had it installed in the Oval Office from the start of his presidency.

Barak Obama working at his desk in the Oval Office
Barak Obama working at his desk in the Oval Office
Frederick Childe Hassam - The Avenue in the Rain 1917
Frederick Childe Hassam – The Avenue in the Rain 1917

The FAP also produced a series of posters for the WPA parks. These posters are made with shades of green, black, and blue.

See America - Poster by Richard Halfs
See America – Poster by Richard Halfs

This poster was produced by Richard Halfs.

Pittsburgh Paints - Color Dynamics - Energy Principles 1946
Pittsburgh Paints – Color Dynamics – Energy Principles 1946

The “GI Bill” is an American law of 1944 which allowed millions of veterans to have access to studies, business creation, real estate planning, etc. Real estate developers are redoubling their ideas for these potential buyers by creating the “miracle house”. The color is approached in a scientific way, a catalog of paint “The dynamics of the colors” released in 1946 praises the energy of the colors in the interior.

GREEN color in décor 1990
GREEN color in décor 1990

Around 1990, we turned more and more to nature and the term “Zen” appeared in our daily vocabulary. The world is turning to spas, massages. In 1996, the architect Peter Zumthor imposes his architecture based on a refined style, mineral colors, the others will follow.

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin known by his stage name Molière - French playwright and actor
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin known by his stage name Molière – French playwright and actor

The color GREEN is considered evil in France and the United Kingdom.

GREEN is also named to describe jealousy and envy.

It is also said that in the Middle Ages, the role of Judas was often played by an actor dressed in green.

Judas in GREEN
Judas in GREEN

It is believed that GREEN evokes disease and death, because it is the color of the skin of a sick person, or a corpse. GREEN skin tone is often associated with nausea and sickness.

In some cultures GREEN symbolizes hope, chance (bad or good luck), nature and growth. And at the same time it is associated with death, disease, envy, permission (even debauchery) or the devil.

Shades of Green - smiley
Shades of Green – smiley

GREEN & Painters

Pietro Perugino - Nativity the Lord in glory Angels and the Annunciation
Pietro Perugino – Nativity the Lord in glory Angels and the Annunciation

Pietro Perugino, Nativity the Lord in glory, Angels and the Annunciation.

Paolo Caliari, known as Véronèse 1528 - 1588
Paolo Caliari, known as Véronèse 1528 – 1588

Paolo Caliari, known as Véronèse 1528 – 1588.

Thomas Wilmer Dewing 1851 – 1938 - In the Garden
Thomas Wilmer Dewing 1851 – 1938 – In the Garden

Thomas Wilmer Dewing 1851 – 1938.

Vincent van Gogh - Green Field
Vincent van Gogh – Green Field

The Green Wheat Field with Cypress Vincent van Gogh created in 1889 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Tamara de Lempicka 1898- 1980
Tamara de Lempicka 1898- 1980

Tamara de Lempicka 1898- 1980 born in Warsaw, lived in France, in the United States, then in Mexico. Representative of the “Art Deco” movement.

Martial Raysse
Martial Raysse

Martial Raysse, French painter representative of Pop Art.

Nighthawks by Edward Hopper 1942
Nighthawks by Edward Hopper 1942

Edward Hopper, American painter. Nighthawks.

GREEN & Communication

GREEN communication
GREEN communication

Broadly speaking GREEN is a symbol of nature, and also the color of hope.

Environmental protection 2021
Environmental protection 2021

In our days it is often used for ecological communication, sustainable development. GREEN represents prosperity, stability and balance.

Examples of GREEN logos
Examples of GREEN logos

Some examples of green logos.

Reproduction of GREEN

Miche-Eugène Chevreul locates the colors in relation to the Fraunhofer lines, the typical GREEN is between the E (527 nm) and b 517 nm lines.

Color vision of Miche Eugene Chevreul
Color vision of Miche Eugene Chevreul

In the field of color vision, Miche Eugène Chevreul, director of the Gobelins factory, made a name for himself through his work on the law of simultaneous contrast of colors and the assortment of colored objects.

Miche Eugène Chevreul
Miche Eugène Chevreul

He is not the first to approach the effect of contrast. Before him there was Leonardo da Vinci concerning complementary colors, and Goethe came with the study “The treaty of colors”.

He showed that a color influences a neighboring color: the same tone seems lighter if it is on a darker background, the complementary ones make each other more vivid and the non-complementary colors move away in tone. Thus, a yellow placed near a GREEN seems redder, as if it had been mixed with a purple, complementary to GREEN, the same shade placed near a red will draw towards the yellow-green.

Miche Eugène Chevreul in his “Exposé” in 1861 proposed a universal classification based on a chromatic circle of 72 sectors with a regular color difference of the solid shades modified by adding white or black to the base shade to obtain one of the 20 levels, and on a foreshadowing of that of color saturation, obtained by adding black or white, a hue on a scale of 10. In total the system defines14,400 colors plus the 11 achromatic shades from white to black.

Michel Eugene Chevreul - Cercle chromatique
Michel Eugene Chevreul – Cercle chromatique

Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering was Prussian physiologist who studied mainly in the fields of vision of color and perception of space.

Ewald Hering
Ewald Hering

Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering’s color theory rooted in a psycho-physical study of color perceptions, and familiar to color practitioners, served as the basis for the color atlas of the NCS system.

NCS index 1950 original
NCS index 1950 original
According to Karl Ewald Konstantin Herin, a color locates on three axes:
the value or brightness axis, between black and white,
blue-yellow axis,
green-red axis.
Karl Ewald Konstantin Herin color three axes
Karl Ewald Konstantin Herin color three axes
Synthese+
Synthese+

In additive synthesis one of the primary colors is GREEN with red and blue. In television and computer screens primary GREEN is a yellowish GREEN, with a dominant wavelength of around 550 nm.

Additive synthesis uses three colored lights: red, GREEN and blue (RGB for red, green, blue). The addition of these three proportionately colored lights, and gives white light. The absence of light gives black.

Television and computer screens, and projectors use the process of additive synthesis. They do not depend on outdoor lighting.

GREEN color painting
GREEN color painting

In painting we obtain a GREEN by mixing a yellow and a blue. Several mixtures are sold with terms like English GREEN, Grass GREEN, Duck GREEN, Gray GREEN, Irish GREEN, etc.

GREEN color printing
GREEN color printing

In printing subtractive synthesis uses standardized pigments. GREEN is obtained by a mixture of cyan blue and yellow. It is impossible to obtain a saturated and bright GREEN like that of screens, hence the complexity of reproducing GREEN in printing.

GREEN & Society

Toulouse Lautrec - La goulue arrivant au Moulin Rouge
Toulouse Lautrec – La goulue arrivant au Moulin Rouge

At the start of the XXth century GREEN has a hard time establishing itself through its bad reputation from the Middle Ages to the XIXth century, especially among women. In the Belle Époque prostitutes often wore GREEN.

Pierre Cardin - Archives RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Pierre Cardin – Archives RUNWAY MAGAZINE

The green dress is the dress worn by the members of the Institute de France, and in particular of the French Academy when they meet in formal meeting.

GREEN color of nature
GREEN color of nature

It was not until the end of the XXth century that GREEN took on its current meaning and became positive. GREEN is the color of nature, and acquires with the development of ecological ideas in a more political dimension. Choosing GREEN color for a logo for example is not trivial and almost always announces its intention in connection with sustainable development.

GREEN & Decoration

The discovery of a deep vivid GREEN by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1775 led to a fashion craze that lasted for over a century.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele - Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist 1742-1786
Carl Wilhelm Scheele – Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist 1742-1786

The tragedy of this story was that from the very start Carl Wilhelm Scheele knew that the pigment he had developed was highly toxic. So being in the room with the walls covered by the fabrics tainted by this toxic color, or wearing clothing from this colored fabric was literally deadly.

GREEN OF PARIS used for fabrics in London and Paris
GREEN OF PARIS used for fabrics in London and Paris

The lucrative allure of bringing this deadly hue to manufacturers, dyers, artists and more around the world has proven to be inescapable for Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

GREEN OF PARIS - color created by Carl Wilhelm Scheele
GREEN OF PARIS – color created by Carl Wilhelm Scheele

This period showed a very saturated GREEN called the “GREEN of Paris”. This GREEN used in upholstery, carpets, paints and inks which was used in particular to print wallpapers. And it was a problem: this dye was arsenic-based.

Otto Erdmann Biedermeiersalon
Otto Erdmann Biedermeiersalon
William Orpen Otto Beit in his study at Belgrave Square
William Orpen Otto Beit in his study at Belgrave Square

At the beginning of the XIXth century mostly less fortunate people bought this “toxic” wallpaper. People of all ages in good health suddenly died. The poisonings multiplied, and no one knew the reason. After years of the investigation the cause of these deaths was found in this fabric and GREEN toxic color. Despite this macabre discovery and the warning of the doctors this “GREEN of Paris” was used as dye during all the XIXth century.

GREEN & Napoleon

Dembour in Metz - Napoleon on the Column - Accompanied by the famous poem by Béranger -Tell us about him grandmother, tell us about him
Dembour in Metz – Napoleon on the Column – Accompanied by the famous poem by Béranger -Tell us about him grandmother, tell us about him

GREEN was Napoleon’s favorite color. The reason why we find it in Fontainebleau, Compiègne, you name it. Thanks to Napoleon GREEN knew the glory days under the name of Imperial GREEN used in decoration and fashion.

Bedroom of the Emperor Napoleon
Bedroom of the Emperor Napoleon
Green XVIIth Princely armchair
Green XVIIth Princely armchair
GREEN Fabric -Jacquard Empire Napoleon
GREEN Fabric -Jacquard Empire Napoleon

GREEN & Fashion

GREEN linen fabric fluo
GREEN linen fabric fluo

In 2021 the GREEN is imposed in an insolent way in street fashion, as the color that will be fluorescent and noticed. All designers offered shades of GREEN.

Is it the street which imposed the GREEN or the designers? Difficult to say, but it is a color that is clearly visible today on all looks, different styles from formal wear to street and sporty.

This is probably because GREEN inspires today more than any other color. Today wearing GREEN is inspiring and soothing.

Kim Kardashian in Custom Schiaparelli Couture for Spring Summer 2021 by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Kim Kardashian in Custom Schiaparelli Couture for Spring Summer 2021 by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Sally Lapointe Fall-Winter 2020-2021 New York by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Sally Lapointe Fall-Winter 2020-2021 New York by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Dolce Gabbana Spring Summer 2020 Milan by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Dolce Gabbana Spring Summer 2020 Milan by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
EMPORIO ARMANI Fall-Winter 2020-2021 Milan by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
EMPORIO ARMANI Fall-Winter 2020-2021 Milan by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Balenciaga Cruise 2021 Resort by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
Balenciaga Cruise 2021 Resort by RUNWAY MAGAZINE

GREEN & signage

GREEN traffic light
GREEN traffic light

In road and rail signage GREEN communicates the safety of a journey.

Navigation GREEN and red lights on boats for 12 m
Navigation GREEN and red lights on boats for 12 m

On boats and airplanes GREEN position light indicates the starboard side, as opposed to the red light indicating port side.

Electronic color code resistor diagram
Electronic color code resistor diagram

In the color code of electric resistors and capacitors GREEN color corresponds to the number 5, the multiplier x105 and an accuracy of 0.5 %.

In the IEC 60757 standard, it is called GN (abbreviation of GREEN).

Along with red, yellow and blue, GREEN is one of the 4 colors adopted by the European Community for selective sorting containers and bins.

Conclusion

GREEN color history and values by RUNWAY MAGAZINE
GREEN color history and values by RUNWAY MAGAZINE

This article presents this color so controversial but ultimately finding its place. We are at a time when everything is possible and well mastered.

GREEN no longer suffers from chemical or toxic errors, no longer suffers from beliefs or superstitions. But GREEN attracts or repels with as much passion as ever.

Is this good? It’s up to us to say.

Color is a concept.

The good news is that GREEN declared the Color of the Year in 2017, took its place in society in 2021, when we decided to and have the “green” meaning of life.

Guillaumette Duplaix – Color specialist – RUNWAYMAGAZINES.com

Read also “Not easy being Green – Adidas vs Nike – Marketing spoiler”, an article by Eleonora de Gray, Editor-in-Chief of RUNWAY MAGAZINE, describes the symbolism of GREEN in recent American history used today in the most successful marketing strategies.



Posted from Paris, France.




















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Please note that some processing of your personal data may not require your consent, but you have a right to object to such processing. Your preferences will apply to this website only. You can change your preferences at any time by returning to this site or visit our "Privacy Policy".


You can object to the processing of your information for advertising purposes at any time.


You can learn more about our and our partners’ use of cookies and similar technologies in our “Cookie Policy”.


By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.


Do not sell my personal information.
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Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
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Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
CookieDurationDescription
cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement1 yearSet by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie is used to record the user consent for the cookies in the "Advertisement" category .
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
CookieLawInfoConsent1 yearRecords the default button state of the corresponding category & the status of CCPA. It works only in coordination with the primary cookie.
PHPSESSIDsessionThis cookie is native to PHP applications. The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of managing user session on the website. The cookie is a session cookies and is deleted when all the browser windows are closed.
viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
CookieDurationDescription
SRM_B1 year 24 daysUsed by Microsoft Advertising as a unique ID for visitors.
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
CookieDurationDescription
_ga2 yearsThe _ga cookie, installed by Google Analytics, calculates visitor, session and campaign data and also keeps track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognize unique visitors.
_gat_gtag_UA_104151223_11 minuteSet by Google to distinguish users.
_gcl_au3 monthsProvided by Google Tag Manager to experiment advertisement efficiency of websites using their services.
_gid1 dayInstalled by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously.
CONSENT2 yearsYouTube sets this cookie via embedded youtube-videos and registers anonymous statistical data.
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
CookieDurationDescription
ANONCHK10 minutesThe ANONCHK cookie, set by Bing, is used to store a user's session ID and also verify the clicks from ads on the Bing search engine. The cookie helps in reporting and personalization as well.
IDE1 year 24 daysGoogle DoubleClick IDE cookies are used to store information about how the user uses the website to present them with relevant ads and according to the user profile.
MUID1 year 24 daysBing sets this cookie to recognize unique web browsers visiting Microsoft sites. This cookie is used for advertising, site analytics, and other operations.
test_cookie15 minutesThe test_cookie is set by doubleclick.net and is used to determine if the user's browser supports cookies.
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE5 months 27 daysA cookie set by YouTube to measure bandwidth that determines whether the user gets the new or old player interface.
YSCsessionYSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages.
yt-remote-connected-devicesneverYouTube sets this cookie to store the video preferences of the user using embedded YouTube video.
yt-remote-device-idneverYouTube sets this cookie to store the video preferences of the user using embedded YouTube video.
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
CookieDurationDescription
_clck1 yearNo description
_clsk1 dayNo description
_cq_checksessionNo description
CLID1 yearNo description
SMsessionNo description available.
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